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Irish Canadians ((アイルランド語:Gael-Cheanadaigh)) are Canadian citizens of Irish descent, which include descendants who trace their ancestry to immigrants who originated in Ireland and Northern Ireland. 1.2 million Irish immigrants arrived, 1825 to 1970, at least half of those in the period from 1831–1850. By 1867, they were the second largest ethnic group (after the French), and comprised 24% of Canada's population. The 1931 national census counted 1,230,000 Canadians of Irish descent, half of whom lived in Ontario. About one-third were Catholic in 1931 and two-thirds Protestants.〔David A. Wilson, ''Irish nationalism in Canada'' (2009) (p. 165 online )〕 The Irish immigrants were largely Protestant before the famine years of the 1840s, although some Catholics came in the colonial period to both Canada and the United States, when the Catholics arrived in large numbers. However, most Catholic Irish after 1850 usually headed to the United States, due to better economic prosperity and less British association of the British Empire. They also went to England, Australia or New Zealand.〔Elliott (1999) pp 764-5〕 The Catholic Irish in particular often came with their own language and culture, but in Canada they were gradually assimilated into the Anglophone or Francophone communities. The 2006 census by Statistics Canada, Canada's Official Statistical office revealed that the Irish were the 4th largest ethnic group with 4,354,000 Canadians with full or partial Irish descent or 14% of the country's total population. This was a large and significant increase of 531,495 since the 2001 census, which counted 3,823,000 respondents quoting Irish ethnicity.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Ethno-Cultural Portrait of Canada, Table 1 )〕 According to the National Household Survey 2011, the population of Irish ancestry has increased since 2006 to 4,544,870. ==Irish in Canada== The first recorded Irish presence in the area of present-day Canada dates from 1536, when Irish fishermen from Cork travelled to Newfoundland. After the permanent settlement in Newfoundland by Irish in early 19th century, overwhelmingly from Waterford, increased immigration of the Irish elsewhere in Canada began in the decades following the War of 1812. Between the years 1825 to 1845, 60% of all immigrants to Canada were Irish; in 1831 alone, some 34,000 arrived in Montreal. But the peak period of entry of the Irish to Canada in terms of sheer numbers occurred in the 1830–50 period when 624,000 arrived, or 31,000 a year; smaller numbers arrived in Newfoundland. Besides Upper Canada (Ontario), the Maritime colonies of Nova Scotia, Prince Edward Island and New Brunswick, especially Saint John, were popular destinations. During this time, Canada was the destination of the most destitute Irish Catholics cleared from land estates and leaving the crowded docks of Liverpool, numbering in the hundreds of thousands. Passage fares to Canada were much lower than those to the United States and Australia, due to such factors as distance and the use of empty, returning timber ships to transport masses of emigrants.〔Thomas P. Power, ed., ''The Irish in Atlantic Canada, 1780-1900'' (Fredericton, NB: New Ireland Press, 1991)〕 Most of the Irish immigrants who came to Canada and the United States in the nineteenth century and before were Irish speakers, with many knowing no other language on arrival.〔O’Driscoll & Reynolds (1988), p. 711.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Irish Canadian」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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